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Battery chargers
A battery charger is needed to recharge batteries. Various types of battery chargers are available, for mains operation, for use in the cigarette lighter socket in a car, others are solar chargers. All models convert the operating voltage into the required charge voltage. Fast battery chargers are designed to charge nickel cadmium cells (NiCd batteries) in only 10 to 60 minutes. This means that they are fast charged. The electronic components integrated into the battery charger determine the charge voltage, the charge current and various cutout criteria such as temperature, duration, changes in voltage or the charge level.
Built-in luminous diodes indicate different operating modes or charge levels. Once the fast charge is completed, the charger switches automatically to maintenance or trickle charge. This charge compensates for the low inherent consumption of the NiCd batteries and makes sure that the user will always have a fully charged energy source at his disposal.
Slow chargers are usually designed for a charging time of between 12 and 14 hours. These devices usually come without electronic control and they use a low charge current (approximately 0.12 A) to charge the NiCd batteries in about 12 hours.
The ambient temperature has a decisive influence on all charging processes. Temperatures below 0° C make fast charging impossible, temperatures above 45 °C may damage the power pack. Bosch power packs are equipped with a sensor component, the NTC resistor (resistor with negeative temperature coefficient) which automatically interrupts the fast charging process in case of rising and excessively high temperatures in the NiCd batteries.
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